April 1999 Newsletter

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"National Counter-Terrorism Institute Might be Headquartered in Oklahoma" -      

by Nester Gonzales, OSU News Bureau

The talents of researchers from several states and numerous academic disciplines may one day be pooled in an institute that focuses on countering terrorism activities and has its headquarters in Oklahoma.

Dr. Tom Collins, Oklahoma State University's vice president for research, said the institute might be one result of a March conference held in Stillwater. OSU hosted an American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) conference, "Research in Domestic Preparedness: Ensuring Security, Protecting Infrastructure and Preventing Violence."

AAAS invited scientists from several states that participate in the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) program. States selected for the conference included Oklahoma, Alabama, Maine, South Carolina and West Virginia. "These particular states were selected by AAAS because of their reputation in basic and applied research areas and in training programs directed at countering terrorism," Collins said.

For example, OSU has a Sensor Center, which could develop better sensors for detecting chemical and biological agents, Collins pointed out. Dr. James Wicksted, director for the OSU Center for Sensors and Sensor Technologies, participated in the conference. A Center display highlighted general information about the CSST, along with example CSST SEED projects related to the detection of chemical and biological agents. A recent Center proposal submitted to NSF EPSCoR included a component focusing on the development of sensors with immediate relevance to chemical/biological detection in air and groundwater.

Other research universities in Oklahoma and in other states have strong programs in DNA and forensic analysis, image processing, visualization and virtual reality, geographical information systems and training of first-line responders. The social sciences areas in these institutions also will play a part in investigating the social, cultural, psychological, legal and economic issues that have an impact on terrorism. "The research that counters terrorism encompasses the academic spectrum," Collins said. "In fact, I'm hard pressed to think of a discipline which could not be a part of this effort."

He says the conference provided researchers with up-to-date information about national priorities in domestic preparedness and also focused on the logistics of how researchers from across the country might collaborate on projects. The conference included sessions on how to use the Internet more effectively for communication and collaboration. "The Internet and modern information technology have erased geographical barriers to research collaboration," Collins said. "It is possible to set up virtual laboratories that encompass several disciplines in several states."

The researchers shared ideas, talked about their efforts in domestic preparedness research and heard experts describe research opportunities that will help in the nation's effort to prevent or deal with terrorism.

Speakers included representatives from the U.S. Department of Justice, the National Science Foundation, the FBI, the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

As a result of the conference, AAAS will fund a project to ensure continued collaboration by the selected EPSCoR universities. AAAS also will work with the Oklahoma Alliance for Public Policy to finalize details for the creation of an Institute to Counter Terrorism. The alliance, established by former Oklahoma Governor Henry Bellmon, is composed of Oklahoma's major research universities and works toward attracting more research funding to the state. Oklahoma universities in the alliance have already offered their assistance in the establishment of the Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism and Violence, one of three components developed by the Oklahoma City National Memorial Foundation.

Collins said one of the primary goals of this week's conference was to demonstrate that such multi-state collaborations are not only feasible, but can result in much better research. "Our goal is to get federal funding agencies to create and fund programs which will support multi-disciplinary research programs which encompass researchers from several different institutions in different states," Collins said.

 
 
 

GUEST EDITORIAL -Colin Cumming, President, Nomadics, Stillwater, OK -      

Nomadics was established in 1994 in order to introduce products that take advantage of emerging technologies. In particular, we have established ourselves as an innovative developer of point-of-use sensors and instruments. The company is primarily a product development company; however, our contract research and development projects also serve as a means of providing discretionary research funds. The original company objective was the development of a family of instruments based on the PC Card (PCMCIA Card) platform. We invented and hold a patent on technologies that allow instruments and data logging equipment to be implemented on the credit card-sized PCMCIA device for use with personal computers. Using the PC Card as an instrument platform, we believed we would be able to develop and deploy computer-based portable instrumentation.

Initially, we developed a family of instruments focused on the electrochemistry industry including pH, ISE, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen sensors. These designs are currently produced by us and private labeled for a well-known US company, allowing us to take advantage of existing requisite marketing channels while concentrating our own efforts on developing new products. Mentioned in recent articles in Science Week (November 21) and Business Week (December 7) magazines, Nomadics has established itself as a leader in developing sensors for field applications that provide sensitivity and capabilities that were once limited to laboratory instruments. Nomadics is incorporated under Oklahoma state laws, with headquarters in Stillwater, Oklahoma, and offices in Stillwater and Oklahoma City. Employment currently stands at 44. The company's 11,000 square-foot Stillwater facilities house dedicated electrical engineering and chemistry labs, as well as computer-assisted design and precision test equipment.

Nomadics has several ongoing activities with OSU. Many of these are focused through the Center for Sensors and Sensor Technologies and have been invaluable in furthering our research efforts. Nomadics views our relationship with OSU as a key element in our success. OSU is a source of high quality talent. Eleven of our employees are recent graduates of OSU. We also employ six to ten interns year-round and more during the summer. OSU is also a source of key technology.

Nomadics is currently developing a sensor for determining the quality of cooking oil used in the foodservice industry. We are partnered with Sonic Industries and the OSU Food and Agricultural Products Center in this effort. This project has the potential to reduce costs significantly for the food industry and has positive health and environmental implications.

The pace of technological change is so rapid in today's world that it is imperative that a small company partner with other organizations in order to make an impact. Nomadics has made it a priority to establish and cultivate research collaborations. We also have collaborations with the University of Oklahoma, MIT, Sandia National Laboratory, Armstrong Laboratory, Frontier Engineering, and DataCritical Corporation. Our objective is to carry compelling technology from the laboratory to the marketplace, a goal that requires significant capital. Our approach to meeting this challenge is to leverage our limited private capital with funds from other sources. We have been successful in doing this both at a state level through the OCAST Applied Research Program and at the federal level with six Phase I and three Phase II SBIR awards. These efforts have resulted in a number of commercial products.

Nomadics is involved in a broad specturm of R&D activities. The Nomadics spectrometer (Figure 1) is the newest addition to our family of high-quality, PC Card-based portable analytical instruments. Unlike miniature spectroscopy systems available elsewhere, the Nomadics spectrometer is self-contained. A broadband light source, user-configurable sample holder, diffraction grating, photodiode detector array, and interface circuitry are all enclosed within a single-bodied unit that connects to the PCMCIA slot of a laptop or handheld computer without the use of cables or external power supplies. The instrument collects visible spectra from samples held in standard 1 inch or 1 cm cuvettes. Designed for long-term use in the field, the spectrometer requires less than 50 mA while operating and 5 mA in sleep mode. It draws its power from a laptop or palmtop host computer without significantly affecting the host's battery life.

We incorporated a Micro-Electrical Mechanical Systems (MEMS) microspectrometer (Figure 2) along with miniaturized electronics packaging to meet the size requirements for our PC Card spectrometer. MicroParts of Germany is a world leader in the development of MEMs-based sensors. They employ the LIGA based method for implementing deep aspect ratio devices. They have developed a microspectrometer based on LIGA technology. This device receives light via an optical fiber and uses a focusing diffraction grating to disperse the beam. The micromachined device is bonded to a Hammamatsu diode array using a proprietary method. Nomadics has obtained an exclusive license from MicroParts for use of the device in our PCMCIA-based spectrometer.

We are embarking on a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) funded development of an advanced water analysis system based on related MEMS technology. The product also includes a miniaturized reagent storage and pumping system. The reagent mixing and analysis volume is extremely small, thus requiring very small amounts of reagent and allowing the unit to operate unattended for up to three months depending on sampling frequency.

Nomadics is currently developing a Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) based instrument for measuring extremely low levels of certain environmentally sensitive compounds such as trichloroethylene (TCE). In 1995, Nomadics received an SBIR award from Armstrong Laboratory to integrate advanced sensor technologies into fieldable environmental instrumentation. We entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with Sandia National Laboratories to integrate a SAW sensor developed by them (Figure 3) for measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). This sensor technology had been proven in testing at Savannah River, Hanford, and Kansas City sites. During the Phase I effort, Nomadics succeeded in developing a small portable instrument based on this technology. In addition to working with SAWs, we are also working with Quartz Crystal Microbalances (QCMs) in collaboration with ICM Corporation.

The development of environmental sensors and instruments targeted at trace levels of environmental analytes led Nomadics to pursue development of explosive detectors. Nomadics is currently developing a particle sampler and sensor for use in the detection of landmines for humanitarian demining purposes under a contract from Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Figure 4). Nomadics is one of several teams funded by DARPA to exploit new vapor detection and sampling technologies to improve land mine detection methods. The DARPA program is focused on developing technologies that are biomimetic or utilize technologies that deect chemical vapors emanating from landmines. Nomadics is teamed with Sandia National Laboratories. Other organizations that are part of this DARPA effort include MIT, Caltech, Tufts, Auburn, Texas Instruments, Rockwell, Quantum Dynamics, and Research International. This sampler is based on electrostatic precipitation technology. The Nomadics sensor employs a novel fluorescence quenching polymer licensed from MIT. This polymer effectively amplifies the response of the detector to TNT and other nitroaromatics. Because the vapor pressure of TNT is so low (10 ppb) some type of amplification is key to achieving detection in the real world.

 
 
 

Recent SEED Grants Awarded: -      

Charles MacAllister, Veterinary Medicine, & David Freeman, Animal Science, "Development of a Prototype Sensing Device to Measure the In-Vivo Gastrointestinal pH in Horses."

Stephen McKeever, Physics, & Kenneth Bartels, Robert Bahr & George Henry, Veterinary Medicine, "Development of an In-Vivo Near-Real-Time Radiation Sensor for Use in Radiotherapy."

Albert Rosenberger & Donna Bandy, Physics, "Evanescent-Wave Sensor Using Microsphere Whispering-Gallery Modes."

 
 
 

Proposals Submitted Related to CSST SEED Funding: -      

As a result of receiving CSST seed funding, each Principal Investigator is expected to submit a project summary and write a proposal generated from the seed money to obtain external funding. The following proposals have been submitted for external funding.

Allen Apblett, Chemistry, "Development of Integrating Colorimetric Sensors for Acid Rain," The ISA Research Trust.

James T. Blankemeyer, Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, "Detection of Low Levels of Pathogenic Bacteria," OCAST.

David M. Janz, Zoology, "Field Evaluation of Impaired Reproductive Endocrine Function in Feral Fish Populations," Water Environment Research Foundation.

Nicholas A. Kotov, Chemistry, "Barium Ferrite Layer-by-Layer Assembled Films for High Density Magnetic Recording," Seagate Technologies.

Nicholas A. Kotov, Chemistry, & Jerzy S. Krasinski, Electrical & Computer Engineering, "An All-fiber Faraday Rotator from Nanostructured Hybrid Films," National Science Foundation.

S.W.S. McKeever, PI, Physics; K.E. Bartels, W.T. Drost & R.J. Bahr, Co-PIs, Veterinary Medicine; "A Near-Real-time Radiation Dosimeter for Radiotherapy," OCAST.

 
 
 

Grants Awarded Related to CSST SEED Funding: -      

Nicholas A. Kotov, Chemistry, "Preparation of Magneto-optical Devices and Sensors by LBL," Nomadics, Inc.

Nicholas A. Kotov, Chemistry, "New Materials for Photonics," NSF Faculty Early Career Development Award.

 
 
 

Publications Submitted and/or Accepted Related to CSST SEED Funding: -      

Nicholas A. Kotov, Chemistry, "Control of Packing Order of Magnetite Nanoparticles by Microwave Irradiation, Langmuir, November 1998.

Nicholas A. Kotov, Chemistry, "Layer-by-layer Assembly of Coated and Uncoated Magnetite: Effect of Coating on Interparticle Interactions," Submitted to Advanced Materials.

 
 
 

Presentations Made Related to CSST SEED Funding: -      

James T. Blankemeyer, Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, "Detection of Bacteria by Fluorescence," Missouri Valley ASM, Tulsa, OK.

David M. Janz, Zoology; M.E. McMaster, K.R. Munkittrick, & G. Van Der Kraak, "Elevated ovarian follicular cell apoptosis and stress protein expression in fish exposed to pulp mill effluents," Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, Charlotte, NC.

Nicholas A. Kotov, Chemistry, "Control of Lateral Order in Self-Assembled Films of Magnetic Nanoparticles," NANO98, Stockholm, Sweden.

Nicholas A. Kotov, Chemistry, "Organized 1D and 2D Assemblies of Magnetic Nanoparticles," Materials Research Society, Boston, MA,

 
 
 

"CSST NSF EPSCoR Proposal Submitted" -      

  • "Infrastructure for the Center for Sensors and Sensor Technologies: New Sensors for State and National Needs." NSF EPSCoR. OSU Collaborating Colleges: Arts and Sciences; Engineering, Architecture and Technology. Other University Participants: University of Oklahoma and University of Tulsa. Industrial Partners: Nomadics, Inc. and Halliburton Energy Services.

    NSF support was requested to establish and develop the necessary infrastructure for addressing three critical problems facing Oklahoma and the nation: i) releasing of toxic environmental/chemical/biota through accidents or acts of terrorism, ii) maintaining the health of livestock and their products in confined environments, and iii) determining the productivity of new and existing oil wells through improved down-hole sensors. These are complex issues that require multidisciplinary research teams for their successful solutions. NSF EPSCoR support will be used in large measure to fully develop this initial infrastructure, focusing in the beginning on the development of sensors with immediate relevance to chemical/biological detection in air and groundwater, to food animal production, specifically poultry, cattle and swine, and to down-hole sensors for oil recovery. Funding will provide instrumentation and personnel infrastructure to be used by the three major Oklahoma universities: Oklahoma State University, University of Oklahoma and Tulsa University. These funds will allow cooperative partnering among these three institutions, as well as with Oklahoma industries in order to address problems critical to the state and nation.

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    CSST Publicity Efforts: -      

    In an effort to keep the research community and the public informed about our activities, the CSST is involved in several publicity activities.

  • CSST News - The Center has published four newsletters, August 1997, March 1998, November 1998 and the current April 1999 issue. The newsletter includes a feature article, a message from the director, a research spotlight and other CSST highlights. It is distributed across campus, as well as to other universities, centers, industries and local, state and federal agencies.

  • CSST Brochure - A new Center brochure has been published and distributed on campus and to other interested persons. The brochure is also given out at various meetings, presentations, etc., and to visitors. In addition to general information about the Center, it includes the Center's goals and objectives, faculty and industry collaborators and current research interests.

  • CSST Information Packets - Center personnel have distributed CSST information packets at various meetings, presentations, etc., both on- and off-campus.

  • CSST in the News - The Center has been instrumental in arranging coverage for exemplary sensor-related research efforts.
    1) Dr. Nicholas Kotov recently received coverage in the Stillwater NewsPress for the NSF Faculty Early Career Development Award based on his research concerning "Supramolecular Complexes of Semiconductor Nanoparticles," a project that received seed funding from the CSST. )
    2) In another recent Stillwater Newspress article covering the AAAS conference, "Research in Domestic Preparedness: Ensuring Security, Protecting Infrastructure and Preventing Violence," the CSST was credited with having the potential to "develop better sensors for detecting chemical and biological agents."
    3) The CSST also cooperated with the OSU News Bureau in arranging coverage for Dr. Stephen McKeever's work involving UVB Dosimetry. As a result, Dr. McKeever's work was covered by articles in the Daily Oklahoman, the Stillwater NewsPress and the Daily O'Collegian. Dr. McKeever's UVB Dosimetry work appeared in a John Wiley & Sons, Inc. publication, Sensor Technology Alert (1999), which follows advances in sensor technologies and their applications for companies in a broad range of industrial disciplines.

  • CSST on the Internet - The Center has taken advantage of the Internet to publicize general information about the CSST, as well as to keep the public updated on all activities. The site includes information about the Center, faculty and industrial collaborators, proposals, seminars, etc. See our revised web site at www.cas.okstate.edu/sensor_center.

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    "Call for Capability Statement Issued" -      

    The Center recently issued a Call for Capability Statement information in cooperation with the Office of the Vice President for Research. This information will be used to formulate a Capability Statement to be presented to Halliburton Energy Services, Duncan, OK.

    Halliburton has a very strong interest in sensors related to oil well production. There is a need to sense high temperature and high pressure, information on inclination and attitude of the drill, vibration and fluid flow, and real-time information at the drilling site. Halliburton is specifically interested in using fracture geometry to stimulate an oil well. A sensor that could function in the harsh downhole environment and image the fracture would be extremely beneficial during the fracturing procedure. The industry has also expressed interest in an analytical chemistry sensor downhole that can differentiate between drilling mud and oil hydrocarbons some 10,000 feet below the surface. We believe that such cutting-edge sensor technology with the potential for commercialization may exist here on the OSU campus.

    The Center received responses from interested researchers in the Departments of Chemistry; Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; and Physics; and the Schools of Electrical and Computer Engineering; and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering.

     
     
     

    Contact Information -      

    You may contact the CSST at the following:

    151 Physical Sciences II, OSU
      Phone: 405-744-3726     Email: jpw519@okstate.edu
      Fax: 405-744-6811
      http://www.cas.okstate.edu/sensor_center
      College of Arts & Sciences